AQA•A-Level•Physics
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Fields and Their Consequences
Gravitational, electric and magnetic fields, capacitance and EM induction
Practice 77 subtopics in Fields and Their Consequences. All questions match the AQA A-Level specification.
About Fields and Their Consequences
Fields and Their Consequences is a key topic in the AQA A-Level Physicsspecification. This topic covers gravitational, electric and magnetic fields, capacitance and em induction.
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Concept of force fieldsContact and non-contact forcesField lines and field patternsNewton's law: F = GMm/r²Gravitational constant GPoint masses and spherical bodiesg = F/m as field strengthg = GM/r² for point massVariation of g with distanceGravitational field inside a sphereGravitational potential V = -GM/rPotential as energy per unit massEquipotential surfacesPotential gradient: g = -dV/drGravitational potential energy: E = -GMm/rEscape velocity derivationOrbital motion and centripetal forceOrbital speed: v = √(GM/r)Orbital period: T² ∝ r³Kepler's third law derivationGeostationary orbitsLow polar orbitsSatellite applicationsEnergy of orbiting satellitesCoulomb's law: F = kQ₁Q₂/r²Permittivity of free space ε₀k = 1/(4πε₀)Comparison with gravitationE = F/Q as field strengthE = kQ/r² for point chargeElectric field between parallel platesE = V/d for uniform fieldMotion of charged particles in uniform fieldsElectric potential V = kQ/rPotential at a pointWork done moving chargesEquipotential linesPotential gradient: E = -dV/drDefinition: C = Q/VEnergy stored: E = ½QV = ½CV² = ½Q²/CCapacitors in series and parallelC = ε₀A/dEffect of dielectricsRelative permittivityC = ε₀εᵣA/dCharging through a resistorTime constant τ = RCQ = Q₀(1 - e^(-t/RC)) for chargingQ = Q₀e^(-t/RC) for dischargingCurrent during charge/dischargeRequired practical: capacitor dischargeMagnetic field and flux density BForce on current-carrying wire: F = BILF = BIL sin θTesla as unitForce on moving charge: F = BQvF = BQv sin θCircular motion of chargesRadius of circular path: r = mv/(BQ)Velocity selectorMass spectrometerCyclotronMagnetic flux: Φ = BAFlux linkage: NΦ = BANFlux linkage changesFaraday's law: ε = -NdΦ/dtLenz's law and direction of induced EMFEMF from flux linkage changesApplications of electromagnetic inductionAC generator principleSinusoidal variation of EMFPeak and RMS valuesIrms = I₀/√2, Vrms = V₀/√2Transformers: Ns/Np = Vs/VpTransformer efficiencyPower transmission and the gridRequired practical: investigating transformers
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