Waves and Particle Nature of Light

About Waves and Particle Nature of Light

Waves and Particle Nature of Light is a key topic in the Edexcel A-Level Physicsspecification. This topic covers wave properties, superposition, diffraction and quantum phenomena.

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Transverse and longitudinal waves Displacement, amplitude, wavelength Period, frequency and wave speed v = fλ Phase and phase difference Polarisation Polarisation as evidence of transverse waves Polaroid filters Malus's law Applications of polarisation Reflection Refraction Refractive index: n = c/v Snell's law: n₁ sin θ₁ = n₂ sin θ₂ Total internal reflection Critical angle Optical fibres Core practical: Refractive index Principle of superposition Constructive and destructive interference Path difference Coherent sources Two-source interference Young's double slit experiment Fringe spacing: w = λD/s Core practical: Young's double slit Formation of stationary waves Nodes and antinodes Harmonics on strings First harmonic: f = (1/2L)√(T/μ)Stationary waves in pipes Open and closed pipes Core practical: Stationary waves Single slit diffraction Diffraction grating: d sin θ = nλ Orders of diffraction Grating spectra Core practical: Diffraction grating Photon model of light Photon energy: E = hf = hc/λ Planck constant Electronvolt (eV)Photoelectric effect Work function φ Photoelectric equation: hf = φ + Ek(max)Threshold frequency Stopping potential Wave-particle duality de Broglie wavelength: λ = h/p = h/mv Electron diffraction Discrete energy levels in atoms Ground state and excited states Photon emission and absorption Line spectra Energy level diagrams Ionisation energy Excitation energy Fluorescence

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