AQA•A-Level•Psychology
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Research Methods
Scientific methodology, experimental design, data analysis, and inferential testing
Practice 120 subtopics in Research Methods. All questions match the AQA A-Level specification.
About Research Methods
Research Methods is a key topic in the AQA A-Level Psychologyspecification. This topic covers scientific methodology, experimental design, data analysis, and inferential testing.
Master all 120 subtopics below with unlimited AI-generated questions. Each subtopic page includes sample questions and the ability to generate unlimited practice questions with detailed solutions.
All Subtopics (120)
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The experimental methodLaboratory experimentsField experimentsNatural experimentsQuasi-experimentsStrengths and limitations of each typeObservational techniquesNaturalistic vs controlled observationCovert vs overt observationParticipant vs non-participant observationEvaluation of observational methodsSelf-report techniques: questionnairesOpen and closed questionsStructured interviewsUnstructured interviewsSemi-structured interviewsEvaluation of self-report methodsCorrelationsPositive, negative and zero correlationsCorrelation coefficientsDifference between correlation and causationContent analysisCase studiesAims and hypothesesDirectional (one-tailed) hypothesesNon-directional (two-tailed) hypothesesNull hypothesisSampling methods: random samplingSampling methods: systematic samplingSampling methods: stratified samplingSampling methods: opportunity samplingSampling methods: volunteer samplingEvaluation of sampling methodsExperimental designs: repeated measuresExperimental designs: independent groupsExperimental designs: matched pairsOrder effects and counterbalancingParticipant variablesVariables: independent, dependent, extraneousOperationalisation of variablesConfounding variablesDemand characteristicsInvestigator effectsControl: randomisationControl: standardisationControl: counterbalancingUse of control groupsPilot studies and their purposeEthical issues in researchBPS Code of EthicsInformed consentDeceptionRight to withdrawProtection from harmConfidentialityPrivacyDealing with ethical issuesThe role of peer reviewEvaluation of peer review processImplications of psychological research for the economyReliability: test-retest reliabilityReliability: inter-observer reliabilityWays to assess reliabilityWays to improve reliabilityTypes of validity: face validityTypes of validity: concurrent validityTypes of validity: ecological validityTypes of validity: temporal validityInternal and external validityWays to assess and improve validityFeatures of science: objectivityFeatures of science: empirical methodsFeatures of science: replicabilityFeatures of science: falsifiabilityTheory construction and hypothesis testingParadigms and paradigm shiftsSections of a scientific reportAbstractIntroductionMethodResultsDiscussionReferencingQuantitative and qualitative dataPrimary and secondary dataMeta-analysisMeasures of central tendency: meanMeasures of central tendency: medianMeasures of central tendency: modeMeasures of dispersion: rangeMeasures of dispersion: standard deviationCalculation and interpretation of statisticsPresentation of quantitative data: tablesPresentation of quantitative data: graphsBar chartsHistogramsScattergramsLine graphsNormal distributionCharacteristics of normal distributionSkewed distributions: positive skewSkewed distributions: negative skewLevels of measurement: nominalLevels of measurement: ordinalLevels of measurement: intervalLevels of measurement: ratioIntroduction to inferential statisticsProbability and significanceUsing statistical tables and critical valuesType I and Type II errorsSign test: when to useSign test: calculationFactors affecting choice of statistical testChi-squared test: when to use and how to interpretSpearman's rho: when to usePearson's r: when to useWilcoxon signed-ranks test: when to useMann-Whitney U test: when to useRelated t-test: when to useUnrelated t-test: when to use
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